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Do you want to learn more about crypto taxes? Or are you looking to declare your cryptocurrency transactions to the tax administration? We aim to answer all your questions and set you on the right path to declare your crypto taxes in Finland. In this guide, we will be covering the following:
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Important dates to know
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How cryptocurrencies are taxed
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How to use the deemed acquisition cost to lower your taxes
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Can I offset losses made on cryptocurrency trading?
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Tax treatment of different cryptocurrency transaction types
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How to calculate your cryptocurrency taxes
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How to submit your tax report to Verohallinto
This guide will be updated and maintained regularly to account for changes made by the local tax authority (Verohallinto) and new types of transactions. Suppose you find any errors or outdated information. In that case, it is greatly appreciated that you let us know by sending an email to [email protected] or via our support chat at the bottom right corner of our website.
Important Dates 2023
Verohallinto will make your tax return available to you sometime between March and April. The deadline for updating and submitting your tax return depends on the date indicated on your tax return. You may have any of the following deadlines, 1 April, 10 May, 17 May, or 24 May.
How Are Cryptocurrencies Taxed in Finland?
In Finland, cryptocurrency traders are taxed if their transactions’ total sales prices exceed €1000. The tax rate on cryptocurrencies is 30% for profits below €30,000 and 34% on excess. Additionally, income from crypto mining is subject to earned income tax of up to 31.25%.
Luckily, not all transactions are taxed. Cryptocurrency purchases are not taxed, nor is transferring crypto between your wallets and exchanges. Furthermore, if you sell cryptocurrency, you may assume that your acquisition costs are always at least 20% of the sales price.
The €1000 limit on tax-free transactions may be reached more quickly than expected. Each time you trade cryptocurrency or stocks, the value of the asset you receive adds to the €1000 limit. If you’ve made five trades with a value of €200 each, then you’ll be subject to taxes.
Capital Income Tax
Most cryptocurrency transactions are taxable. You should report any Bitcoin or other cryptocurrency sales as capital gains. You can generally expect to pay crypto taxes if you’ve performed any of the following transactions.
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Exchange a cryptocurrency for one or more other cryptocurrencies.
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Trade a cryptocurrency for a fiat currency (e.g., USD or EUR).
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Pay with cryptocurrency when buying a product or service.
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Trade NFTs.
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Stake cryptocurrency.
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Earn income from margin/futures trading.
Calculating capital gains for income tax
When performing capital gains calculations, you should subtract the acquisition cost, including fees, from the sales price. To do this, you should use the FIFO (First-in-First-out). The FIFO method assumes that each time you sell a cryptocurrency, you are selling the first one you’ve acquired.
Example:
Assume that you’ve made the following transactions in 2022:
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On 2 February, you purchased 2 ETH for €4000.
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On 14 February, you purchased 1 ETH for €3000.
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On 5 November, you sold 1 ETH for €4000.
You use the FIFO method to calculate the acquisition cost of the sold ETH. The acquisition cost of the first ETH that you purchased was €2000. The taxable gain is the difference between the sales price and the acquisition price (€4000 - €2000). Therefore you report a capital gain of €2000.
Use the Deemed Acquisition Cost to lower your crypto taxes
In Finland, you can deduct either the actual or the deemed acquisition costs from the selling price. The deemed acquisition cost rule means that your deductible acquisition costs will always be at least 20% of the sale price. This percentage increases to 40% if you’ve held the asset for at least ten years. The deemed acquisition cost is beneficial for volatile assets such as cryptocurrencies.
You can also use the deemed acquisition cost if you cannot find pricing information for one of your cryptocurrencies. The deemed acquisition cost is especially beneficial for smaller cryptocurrencies for which pricing information is not readily available.
Example:
Assume that you’ve made the following transactions:
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In 2017 you purchased 1 BTC for €1000 with trading fees of €20.
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In 2022, you sold 1 BTC for €20,000.
If you deduct your acquisition costs of €1020 from the sales price, you will make a profit of €18,980. However, because the deductible acquisition costs are never lower than 20% of the sale price, you can instead deduct €4,000. Your profit is therefore only €16,000. Using the deemed acquisition cost saves you €2980 in taxable profits.
Can I Offset Losses Made on Cryptocurrency Trading?
Your cryptocurrency losses are subject to § 50 of the Income Tax Act. Generally, selling your cryptocurrencies at a loss is tax deductible as long as the total sales prices are over €1000. You can deduct losses from your gains on the sales of other virtual currencies in the tax year and five subsequent years. You can only deduct losses if you’ve sold your cryptocurrencies. If your currencies have decreased in value, but you still own them, you cannot deduct any losses.
Earned Income Tax
If you have earned crypto for some form of work or effort, you need to pay typical income taxes. This is also the case if you’ve made any income from mining cryptocurrency. The value of the cryptocurrency at the time you gain access to them should be reported to the tax authorities.
Earned Income Tax Rates
| Income Bracket (€) | Marginal Tax Rate | Effective Tax Rate | Taxes at the lower limit (€) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-19,199 | 0% | 0% | 0 |
| 19,200-28,699 | 6.00% | 0%-2.00% | 8.00 |
| 28,700-47,299 | 17.25% | 2.00%-8.00% | 578.00 |
| 47,300-82899 | 21.25% | 8.00%-18.00% | 3786.50 |
| 82,900+ | 31.25% | 18%-31.35% | 11351.50 |
Source: Verohallinto
Tax Treatment of Different Cryptocurrency Transaction Types
Certain transactions trigger the types of taxation listed above differently. Below is a master list for your reference; we will go through each in detail in this guide. Each transaction has an associated tax classification and the corresponding label in Divly for those using our service to automate their tax reporting.
| Transaction Type | Tax Event | Divly Label |
|---|---|---|
| Buy crypto | None | Buy |
| Sell crypto | Capital IncomeTax | Sell |
| Trade crypto for crypto | Capital Income Tax | Traded crypto |
| Initial coin offering (ICO) | Capital IncomeTax | Traded crypto |
| Purchase goods & services with crypto | Capital Income Tax | Goods/Services |
| Payment of trading fees with crypto | Capital IncomeTax | Fee included in Trade |
| Payment of transfer fees with crypto | Capital Income Tax | Fee included in Transfer |
| Transfer crypto between your wallets | None | Transfer |
| Lost or stolen crypto | None | Lost/Stolen |
| Give crypto as a gift | None | Gifted Away |
| Receive crypto as a gift | Gift Tax | Received Gift |
| Donate crypto | None* | Donation |
| Airdrop | Capital Income Tax* | Airdrop |
| Fork | None | Fork |
| Mining | Earned Income Tax | Mining |
| Staking | Capital Income Tax | Staking Reward |
| Income (e.g., freelancing, salary, rewards, online gaming) | Earned Income Tax | Income/Reward |
| Cashback | Capital Income tax | Reward |
| Lend out crypto | Capital Income Tax* | Interest Received |
| Borrowing crypto | Capital Income Tax* | Interest Paid |
| Margin trading | Capital Income Tax | Realized Profit/Realized Loss |
| Futures / derivatives trading | Capital IncomeTax | Realized Profit/Realized Loss |
| Create & Sell NFT | Earned Income Tax | Imported as NFT-Identifier |
| Resell NFT | Capital Income Tax | Imported as NFT-Identifier |
*Please read below for more specific information on the transactions in question. Whether you need to pay income tax may be situation dependent.
Buy Crypto / Buy Crypto with Fiat
There are no taxes involved when buying crypto. However, you need to ensure that you keep track of the price you paid for your acquisition cost calculation. If you purchased the crypto in a foreign currency (e.g., USD or SEK), you should convert it to the value in local currency on that day.
You can add the trading fee to the acquisition cost when buying cryptocurrency. Adding the trading fee will help reduce your taxes.
Example
If you purchase 1 ETH for €1,000 and pay a trading fee of € 10. The acquisition cost of the purchased ETH is 1,000 + 10 = €1,010.
Sell Crypto / Sell Crypto for Fiat
Selling cryptocurrency will always require you to declare capital gains tax, whether at a profit or loss. Once again, it’s essential to calculate the selling price in local currency at the time of the sale. You can subtract the trading fee from the sale price when selling cryptocurrency. Subtracting the trading fee will help reduce your taxes.
The order in which you sell crypto is the order in which you’ve acquired the crypto unless you can prove otherwise.
Example
Let’s continue with the example above. Assume that you made the following transactions.
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Purchase 1 ETH for €1000 with a trading fee of €10
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Sell 1 ETH for €2000 with a trading fee of €30
You can deduct the trading fee and acquisition costs from the sales price. The acquisition cost of the 1 ETH was €1010, and the trading fees were €30. Therefore your profit on the sale is €960.
Trade Crypto for Crypto
In Finland, trading crypto for crypto is a capital gains tax event. You must pay capital income tax on the gains made on the cryptocurrency you sold. To calculate the gain or loss, you should use the market value of the bought cryptocurrency in euros. For example, if you sold 1 BTC for 10 ETH, the selling price is the value of 10 ETH in euros.
Finally, you would account for the acquisition cost of the Ethereum you purchased. The acquisition cost is the same as the value above, 10 ETH in euros on the day you receive the ETH.
Suppose you cannot determine the market value of either cryptocurrency. In that case, the purchased crypto inherits the acquisition cost of the sold crypto. In this situation, no gain or loss is recognized. However, you must still report this transaction to the tax authorities.
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
An ICO is a way for blockchain companies to sell pre-mined crypto to potential investors. When you invest your crypto (usually Ethereum) in a new project, you are provided a token for that project.
From a taxation point of view, this functions the same as a crypto-to-crypto trade. Essentially, you send cryptocurrency in exchange for a token from a new project. You follow the same principle where you sell your crypto for the value of the ICO token in local currency. The crypto you send is subject to capital income tax, and the received token inherits its cost basis.
Purchase Goods & Services with Crypto
You must pay capital income tax when you use cryptocurrency to purchase a good (e.g., a new computer, amazon gift card) or service (e.g., VPN service). Using cryptocurrency for payments works the same way as selling your cryptocurrency. The selling price is what the good or service costs in euros. To determine the profit, you should deduct the acquisition cost of your sold cryptocurrency from this amount.
Example
You purchase 3 BNB for €300. You exchange your BNB for a new laptop valued at €700. Therefore you should declare a profit of €400 to the tax authorities.
Cash-Back Rewards
You may receive cashback rewards when you use a crypto credit card such as the Crypto.com card. If you receive cashback rewards in cryptocurrency, these are taxable as capital income tax. You should declare the value of the cryptocurrency at the time you receive them. If you later sell the cryptocurrency you received from a cashback, you should pay taxes over the gain in value between the sale date and the acquisition date.
Pay Fees in Crypto
Typically, when you trade crypto for crypto, you will also have to pay a trading fee in crypto. In these cases, you need to convert the crypto you used to pay for the trading fee into your local currency and then pay capital gains on it. Trading fees also contribute to the acquisition cost for the purchased cryptocurrency.
Transfer Crypto Between Your Own Wallets
Transferring crypto between your wallets is not a taxable event (this includes sending crypto to your account on an exchange). You must track these transfers properly to avoid paying unnecessary taxes!
Although sending cryptocurrency between wallets is not taxed, any fees you incur are taxed if you pay for them in cryptocurrency.
Lost or Stolen Crypto
If your cryptocurrency has been stolen, you will not have to pay taxes over it. However, there are no deductions for stolen property except for businesses.
Give Crypto as a Gift / Receive Crypto as a Gift
For taxation purposes, the acquisition cost or cost basis of the received gift is the value determined by the tax authorities. In general, we assume this to mean the market value of the received crypto.
If you receive cryptocurrency as a gift and sell it within a year, you inherit the acquisition value of the donor.
You would then have to pay taxes over the difference between the sales price and the acquisition value.
If the total value of the gifts you receive from the same donor over a 3-year span is more than €5000, you must pay gift tax. Depending on who gives the gift to you, you are taxed differently.
Bracket 1: Closest relatives and family members
| Market value of gift | Tax at the lower limit | Tax rate on the value above the lower limit |
|---|---|---|
| €5,000-€24,999 | € 100 | 8% |
| €25,000-€54,999 | €1,700 | 10% |
| €55,000-€199,999 | €4,700 | 12% |
| €200,000-€999,999 | €22,100 | 15% |
| €1,000,000+ | €142,100 | 17% |
Bracket 2: other than close relatives
| Market value of gift | Tax at the lower limit | Tax rate on the value above the lower limit |
|---|---|---|
| €5,000-€25,000 | € 100 | 19% |
| €25,000-€55,000 | €3,900 | 25% |
| €55,000-€200,000 | €11,400 | 29% |
| €200,000-€1,000,000 | €53,450 | 31% |
| €1,000,000+ | €301,450 | 33% |
Source: Verohallinto
You must file a gift tax return within three months from the date of the gift. You can file your gift tax in Verohallinto’s online tax portal MyTax.
Donate Crypto
Verohallinto does not provide concrete guidelines for donations paid in crypto. However, we can assume regulations are in line with fiat donations. In Finland, donations made with money are only tax-deductible by corporations. The purpose of the donation must be to support scientific research, arts, or Finnish cultural heritage.
Airdrop
An airdrop is typically considered a gift from the token holder or blockchain. Airdrops are usually a very small or negligible amount.
There have yet to be any concrete regulations implemented regarding airdrops. However, we were informed by the Finnish Tax Administration that it is best to declare your airdrop income until regulations are more defined. If you receive an airdrop based on your ownership of another crypto, it should be considered capital income, as with staking rewards. We will update this guide as Finland’s crypto tax regulations evolve.
Hardfork
A hard fork occurs when the blockchain splits. In that case, you are gifted crypto based on your ownership of the forked cryptocurrency. You do not have to pay taxes when you receive additional cryptocurrency from a hard fork. But you do have to pay taxes when you sell the received currency. You can assume its acquisition cost is €0. Therefore you will be taxed over the total market value when you sell them.
Mining
You have to pay earned income tax over your income from mining. You must report the value of your mining income at the time you gain access to your mined crypto in euros.
You can also calculate your income from mining per day or month based on that period’s average exchange rate. But you have to stay consistent with this period throughout the year.
You can deduct expenses you’ve incurred while mining from your income. You may only declare the proportion of your expenditure used directly for mining. Any energy used for the computer or device used in mining that is not directly involved in mining is not tax-deductible. The purchase price of mining equipment is also deductible. If you use the equipment for personal use from time to time, you can still deduct some expenses. The amount you can deduct depends on how often you use the equipment for purposes other than mining.
You can deduct 25% if you provide evidence of occasional use of your equipment to earn mining income.
You can deduct 50% if you provide evidence of regular use of your equipment to earn mining income.
You can deduct 100% if you can provide evidence that your equipment’s primary use is for earning mining income.
If you can use the hardware used for mining for more than three years, you should deduct expenses according to a series of depreciation expenses of no more than 25% per year.
Staking
Staking, an alternative to mining, contributes to your capital income and is seen as a capital gain. This classification is different from mining because staking is a reward for owning crypto assets. You must report the value of your staking income in euros at the time you receive the tokens. This value is also considered the acquisition cost.
Lending Your Crypto
There are no concrete guidelines for interest received specifically from crypto lending. It is safest to assume it works the same as with fiat lending. The interest you earn from lending is taxed as capital income. You must report the value of the interest received in euros as it was when you received it.
Borrowing Crypto
Again there are no concrete guidelines for interest payments in cryptocurrency. Generally, Interest expenses are deductible if the loan was for the production of income, such as interest income. Then your interest expenses are fully deductible from your capital income. If your costs exceed your capital income, 30% of your costs can be credited from your earned income.
Income From Other Activities (e.g. freelancing, salary, rewards, online games)
Taxable earned income includes salary and benefits or compensation received; this includes cryptocurrency.
Verohallinto mentions the taxation of virtual currency rewards from games. In some online games, you can earn a currency unique to that game (gold, gems, etc.). You must pay taxes upon converting this currency to a tradable cryptocurrency, fiat, or other assets (cashing out of the game). You should use the market value to determine your taxable income when cashing out.
Any losses you make in a game are not tax-deductible. Those losses are seen as losses from recreational activities and considered living expenses. If you participate in a game of chance, you may be tax-exempt if the lottery belongs to an EEA country.
Consequently, activities performed through Coinbase Earn are income as you performed some action in exchange for crypto. If you have received a reward from referring a friend, sharing a post, or any other required effort, then you need to declare the reward for income tax purposes.
Margin Trading, Futures, and Derivatives Trading
Verohallinto has indicated that crypto derivatives are subject to securities and derivatives regulations.
Margin trading involves borrowing to take leveraged positions on crypto. Often the outcome of the trades is provided as realized profit or loss after margin fees are accounted for. You will have to pay capital income tax on this realized profit. You can deduct losses made on the transfer of property from gains made during the tax year and the following five years.
NFTs
NFTS are non-fungible tokens. These are unique digital identifiers that cannot be copied or divided. NFTs allow for the sale and transfer of digital assets, usually digital artworks. Because NFTs have unique identifiers, it is possible to verify the ownership of an NFT.
In June 2022, Verohallinto released its guidance on NFTs. NFTs are taxed in two ways, depending on your connection to the NFT.
If you are the creator/artist of the NFT, then any income you earn on its sale and commissions from subsequent sales is taxed as earned income. The realized income is the value of the received cryptocurrency in euros on the date of the sale.
As the artist, you can deduct the expenses that you incurred in producing the art. This includes fees for the NFT marketplace and drawing software. These expenses are declared under the same section as mining expenses: “Expenses for the production of other income than wage income”.
The resale of NFTs is treated the same as trading a cryptocurrency. You should pay taxes over the gains incurred on the resale of an NFT.
Example
If you bought an NFT for 1 ETH and then sold it for 2 ETH, it does not mean that you’ve made a gain of 1 ETH. Instead, the value of 1 ETH in euros at the time of acquisition is the acquisition price. The revenue from the sale is the value of 2 ETH at the time of the transaction. The difference between the sales price and acquisition cost is subject to capital income tax.
How Do I Calculate My Cryptocurrency Taxes?
There are two ways to calculate your cryptocurrency taxes in Finland. First, we’ll cover the free calculation method. And then, we’ll cover the process we recommend. Not very surprisingly, Divly recommends that you use Divly for your crypto taxes.
The Free Crypto Tax Calculation Method
Verohallinto has a number of tax calculators available for taxpayers, including one for cryptocurrencies. You can only use the excel sheet for one currency at a time. You must manually input every transaction you’ve made that involves that currency. For each transaction, you should input the following
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The date and time of the transaction
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The transaction type (limited to buy or sell)
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The amount of the currency bought or sold
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The value per cryptocurrency
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The total value of the transaction minus fees
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(optional) the exchange you’ve used.
After finishing the sheet, you hit the button Käynnistä makro, and the excel sheet will calculate your gains and losses.
Using the excel sheet can be quite a tedious process. The process is as follows for each cryptocurrency.
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Find all the transactions that involve that cryptocurrency over all of your exchanges.
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Sort them by date and convert the date to the proper format.
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Use this guide to determine whether the transaction can be seen as a buy or a sell from the perspective of the tax authorities.
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Find the market value for each cryptocurrency on the day the transaction took place.
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Subtract trading fees from the sales prices.
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Input all this data in the corresponding field
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Repeat the above process for each cryptocurrency you used in 2022.
The ✨Best✨ Crypto Tax Calculation Method
A much faster and more accurate method would be to use Divly’s cryptocurrency tax calculator. Instead of manually inputting every transaction, you can upload your transaction history or connect Divly to your exchange, and Divly will do all the calculations for you. You can also see an overview of your entire portfolio in one place.
Divly is the only premium cryptocurrency tax calculator that implements the deemed acquisition method for Finland. Divly will automatically use the deemed acquisition cost when it lowers your taxes.
It can become easy to misclassify transactions if you do a lot of manual work. Keeping track of the crypto you’ve transferred between exchanges can be especially difficult. Divly automatically detects transfers between exchanges to avoid confusing them for taxable crypto sales or new purchases.
Furthermore, Divly will notify you if it suspects you forgot to upload a transaction. This way, it can be easy to ensure you’ve uploaded everything.
Divly’s provides everything you need to declare your cryptocurrency taxes in Finland
Take advantage of a crypto tax lawyer
For complex tax matters it may help to consult with a tax lawyer. They can provide personalized tax advice and/or prepare your tax return for you. Divly has partnered with Nordic Law, the leading Web3 law firm, resulting in a powerful partnership in the crypto tax space. Best of all, Divly users get a 10% discount for crypto tax services provided by Nordic Law.
How to Declare Your Crypto Taxes to Verohallinto
Once all the tax calculations are done and Verohallinto’s tax portal is open, it is time to declare your taxes before the deadline in May. You can submit your taxes online or by mail. We will primarily focus on the online portal in this guide. Should you want to call Verohallinto, you can do so on weekdays from 9 am to 4.15 pm and 9 am to 3 pm in July via 029 497 050.
To report your crypto taxes, you can use the online tax portal, MyTax.
Navigating your way through MyTax
To get started, you should log in to MyTax, and select the year you’re for which you are declaring your cryptocurrencies. You want to navigate to Pre-completed income and deductions. If you’ve provided information about your cryptocurrencies, you will see them on this page under Capital Income, and you can edit the information there.
If you’ve not declared your virtual currency transactions yet, you should skip to the Other Income page. If you have capital gains from cryptocurrencies to report, you should scroll down to Capital Income and select Yes for Capital gains.
To declare your cryptocurrency transactions, click Add new transfer and select Virtual currencies. Here you should provide a list of the virtual currencies you’ve made capital gains on during the year. Divly will provide such a list for you.
You can now report crypto transactions in two ways. You can do so one transaction at a time or all at once.
Report full-year sales all at once
There are several requirements you will need if you are going to report all your transactions at once. If you have made both gains and losses on your transactions, you must enter two separate capital gains calculations in the MyTax input fields.
The first is for transactions that resulted in gains and the other for transactions that resulted in losses. You will have to provide the total sales prices and the sum of acquisition costs for all transactions that resulted in gains. You will also have to provide the total sales prices and the sum of acquisition costs for all transactions that resulted in losses.
For the name of buyer or other recipient you should enter the name of the cryptocurrency exchanges and wallets you’ve used. You need to enter 31 December 2022 as the Selling date. Then for the Selling price, you should enter the combined selling prices of every transaction on which you’ve made gains.
You must then enter the acquisition details for transactions on which you made gains in Acquisition details and costs. You can enter 1 January 2022 as the Acquisition date, even if you’ve made cryptocurrency transactions before this date.
Then for Acquisition price or un-depreciated acquisition cost, enter the total acquisition price for your transactions on which you’ve made gains. If you have any expenses that you’ve incurred during the purchase of your transactions that you did not include in the acquisition price, you should report them.
Finally, you will have to attach a pdf file that includes your transaction history and capital gains calculations. To do this, select Add file and select Attachment regarding virtual currencies. Divly will provide a file you can attach to your crypto tax declaration.
You will have to repeat this process for transactions that resulted in a loss.
Report transactions one by one
For each transaction, fill in the date it occurred as the Selling Date. Then for Selling Price, enter the value of the virtual currency in euros at the time of the transaction. You must enter the acquisition details in Acquisition details and costs. For the Acquisition date, you can input the date you received/bought the currency. Under Acquisition price or underappreciated acquisition cost enter the value in euros at the time of purchase.
At the bottom of the form, you should see an Add File button. You should select Attachment regarding virtual currencies and attach your cryptocurrency transaction history and capital gains calculations. Divly will provide this file for you.
Reporting Mining, Staking, NFT and Airdrop Income.
Mining income is reported in the Other income section of MyTax.. You can enter your mining expenses under Deductions -> Expenses for the production of income -> Expenses for the production of other income than wage income.
Income earned from staking crypto must be entered under Other capital income. Any deductions must be reported here as well. The likely location to declare airdrop income is also under Other capital income. We will review this information when Verohallinto updates its regulations.
Filing your returns on paper.
We do not go in-depth here to discuss filing taxes on paper. However, should you want to report your taxes via paper filing, you need to be aware of two forms. First is Form 9, which is for capital gains and losses, and second is Form 50A, for your mining income.
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Any tax-related information provided by us is not tax advice, financial advice, accounting advice, or legal advice and cannot be used by you or any other party for the purpose of avoiding tax penalties. You should seek the advice of a tax professional regarding your particular circumstances. We make no claims, promises, or warranties about the accuracy of the information provided herein. Everything included herein is our opinion and not a statement of fact.
